The Nobel Prize is a prestigious international awards given annually in several categories including Physics, Medicine, Peace, Literature, Chemistry and Economic Sciences. Noble prize was Established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden. He was a chemist, engineer, inventor, and philanthropist best known for inventing dynamite. Alfred Nobel was an inventor, entrepreneur, scientist and businessman who also wrote poetry and drama. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank Established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Sveriges Riksbank is the Swedish Central Bank). Noble prize Recipients, known as Nobel laureates, receive a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award (The Nobel Prize award money is currently 11 million Swedish Kronor (Approximately 9 Crores in Indian Rupees) per full prize. The face of the medal of the Norwegian Nobel Committee shows Alfred Nobel in a pose slightly different from that of the other medals. The inscription is the same. The other side of the Nobel Peace Prize medal represents a group of three men forming a fraternal bond. The Nobel Peace Prize medal was designed by Gustav Vigeland. Since 2012 the Nobel Prize medals has been manufactured by Det Norske Myntverket (Mint of Norway) in Kongsberg.
Categories of Nobel Prize:
Noble Prize given in six fields.
- Physics: The Nobel Prize in Physics recognizes outstanding contributions to the field of physics, celebrating discoveries that enhance our understanding of the universe.
- Chemistry: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry honors significant advancements in chemical sciences, encouraging innovation and research that drive progress.
- Medicine: The Nobel Prize in Medicine recognizes groundbreaking discoveries that have transformed our understanding of human health and disease.
- Literature: The Nobel Prize in Literature celebrates exceptional literary work that reflects the human experience and contributes to cultural discourse.
- Peace : The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to individuals or organizations that have made significant contributions to the promotion of peace and resolution of conflicts.
- Economic Sciences: The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences recognizes influential research and contributions to the field of economics.
The six prizes are awarded by four organizations:
- Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry
- The Swedish Academy for the Nobel Prize in Literature
- Norwegian Nobel Committee (A committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Parliament) for the Nobel Peace Prize.
- The Sveriges Riksbank for the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was instituted in 1968. (Sveriges Riksbank is the Swedish Central Bank).
Award Ceremonies:
- The award ceremonies take place on December 10, known as “Nobel Day,” marking the death anniversary of Alfred Nobel.
- The main ceremony is held at the Stockholm Concert Hall in Sweden, where prizes for Economic Sciences, Literature, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, and Chemistry are presented.
- The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony occurs in Oslo and is conducted by the Norwegian Nobel Committee.
- The first Nobel Prizes were awarded on December 10, 1901, in ceremonies held in Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway (for the Peace Prize).
- These inaugural awards were a significant milestone, honoring individuals whose work had profound impacts on humanity.
- The prizes were presented in the categories established by Nobel’s will, reflecting his vision of recognizing excellence in diverse fields.
- There have been years in that time when the Nobel Prizes have not been awarded - mostly during World War I (1914–1918) and II (1939–1945).
Nobel Prize 2024 List
The Noble prizes for the year 2024 were announced from October 7th of 2024 to 14th October,2024 in six fields i.e Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences. The details of winners list as follows
Physics:
- Awardee: John J. Hopfield (USA) and Geoffrey E. Hinton (UK)
- Recognized Work: John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton have been awarded for their foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks. Their work has significantly advanced the field, leading to transformative applications in artificial intelligence.
Chemistry:
- Awardee: David Baker (USA), Demis Hassabis (UK), and John Jumper(USA)
- Recognized Work: David Baker is recognized for his contributions to computational protein design, while Demis Hassabis and John Jumper are honored for their advancements in protein structure prediction. Their work has significantly impacted the understanding of protein functions and has implications for various fields, including medicine and biotechnology.
Medicine:
- Awardee: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun
- Recognized Work: Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun recognized for their discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Their groundbreaking discovery in the small worm C. Elegans revealed a completely new principle of gene regulation. This turned out to be essential for multicellular organisms, including humans. Micro RNAs are proving to be fundamentally important for how organisms develop and function.
Literature:
- Awardee: Han Kang (South Korea)
- Recognized Work: Han Kang awarded for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life. Her powerful narratives explore profound themes of existence, memory, and resilience, resonating deeply with readers.
Peace:
- Awardee: Nihon Hidankyo (Japan)
- Recognized Work: Nihon Hidankyo honored for its relentless efforts to create a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again. Their advocacy emphasizes the importance of peace and the devastating consequences of nuclear warfare.
Economic Sciences:
- Awardee: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A Robinson (USA)
- Recognized Work: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A Robinson awarded for their studies on how institutions are formed and how they influence prosperity. Their research has significantly enhanced our understanding of the relationship between political and economic institutions and their impact on development and inequality.
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